Besides the fact that we did not have that for the current supported
boards, that makes sense for this new, virtualized mode, that is meant
to be run on top of full-fledged x86 64 CPUs.
By having xAPIC mode access only, Jailhouse has to intercept those MMIO
reads and writes, in order to examine what they do and arbitrate if it's
safe or not (e.g. not all values are accepted to ICR register). This
means that we can't run away from having a VM-exit event for each and
every access to APIC memory region and this impacts the latency the
guest OS observes over bare metal a lot.
When in x2APIC mode, Jailhouse does not require VM-exits for MSR
accesses other that writes to the ICR register, so the latency the guest
observes is reduced to almost zero.
Here are some outputs of the the command line
$ sudo ./tools/jailhouse cell stats tiny-demo
on a Jailhouse's root cell console, for one of the Zephyr demos using
LOAPIC timers, left for a couple of seconds:
Statistics for tiny-demo cell (x2APIC root, x2APIC inmate)
COUNTER SUM PER SEC
vmexits_total 7 0
vmexits_management 3 0
vmexits_cr 2 0
vmexits_cpuid 1 0
vmexits_msr 1 0
vmexits_exception 0 0
vmexits_hypercall 0 0
vmexits_mmio 0 0
vmexits_pio 0 0
vmexits_xapic 0 0
vmexits_xsetbv 0 0
Statistics for tiny-demo cell (xAPIC root, xAPIC inmate)
COUNTER SUM PER SEC
vmexits_total 4087 40
vmexits_xapic 4080 40
vmexits_management 3 0
vmexits_cr 2 0
vmexits_cpuid 1 0
vmexits_msr 1 0
vmexits_exception 0 0
vmexits_hypercall 0 0
vmexits_mmio 0 0
vmexits_pio 0 0
vmexits_xsetbv 0 0
Statistics for tiny-demo cell (xAPIC root, x2APIC inmate)
COUNTER SUM PER SEC
vmexits_total 4087 40
vmexits_msr 4080 40
vmexits_management 3 0
vmexits_cr 2 0
vmexits_cpuid 1 0
vmexits_exception 0 0
vmexits_hypercall 0 0
vmexits_mmio 0 0
vmexits_pio 0 0
vmexits_xapic 0 0
vmexits_xsetbv 0 0
See that under x2APIC mode on both Jailhouse/root-cell and guest, the
interruptions from the hypervisor are minimal. That is not the case when
Jailhouse is on xAPIC mode, though. Note also that, as a plus, x2APIC
accesses on the guest will map to xAPIC MMIO on the hypervisor just
fine.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo Lima Chaves <gustavo.lima.chaves@intel.com>
This is an introductory port for Zephyr to be run as a Jailhouse
hypervisor[1]'s "inmate cell", on x86 64-bit CPUs (running on 32-bit
mode). This was tested with their "tiny-demo" inmate demo cell
configuration, which takes one of the CPUs of the QEMU-VM root cell
config, along with some RAM and serial controller access (it will even
do nice things like reserving some L3 cache for it via Intel CAT) and
Zephyr samples:
- hello_world
- philosophers
- synchronization
The final binary receives an additional boot sequence preamble that
conforms to Jailhouse's expectations (starts at 0x0 in real mode). It
will put the processor in 32-bit protected mode and then proceed to
Zephyr's __start function.
Testing it is just a matter of:
$ mmake -C samples/<sample_dir> BOARD=x86_jailhouse JAILHOUSE_QEMU_IMG_FILE=<path_to_image.qcow2> run
$ sudo insmod <path to jailhouse.ko>
$ sudo jailhouse enable <path to configs/qemu-x86.cell>
$ sudo jailhouse cell create <path to configs/tiny-demo.cell>
$ sudo mount -t 9p -o trans/virtio host /mnt
$ sudo jailhouse cell load tiny-demo /mnt/zephyr.bin
$ sudo jailhouse cell start tiny-demo
$ sudo jailhouse cell destroy tiny-demo
$ sudo jailhouse disable
$ sudo rmmod jailhouse
For the hello_world demo case, one should then get QEMU's serial port
output similar to:
"""
Created cell "tiny-demo"
Page pool usage after cell creation: mem 275/1480, remap 65607/131072
Cell "tiny-demo" can be loaded
CPU 3 received SIPI, vector 100
Started cell "tiny-demo"
***** BOOTING ZEPHYR OS v1.9.0 - BUILD: Sep 12 2017 20:03:22 *****
Hello World! x86
"""
Note that the Jailhouse's root cell *has to be started in xAPIC
mode* (kernel command line argument 'nox2apic') in order for this to
work. x2APIC support and its reasoning will come on a separate commit.
As a reminder, the make run target introduced for x86_jailhouse board
involves a root cell image with Jailhouse in it, to be launched and then
partitioned (with >= 2 64-bit CPUs in it).
Inmate cell configs with no JAILHOUSE_CELL_PASSIVE_COMMREG flag
set (e.g. apic-demo one) would need extra code in Zephyr to deal with
cell shutdown command responses from the hypervisor.
You may want to fine tune CONFIG_SYS_CLOCK_HW_CYCLES_PER_SEC for your
specific CPU—there is no detection from Zephyr with regard to that.
Other config differences from pristine QEMU defaults worth of mention
are:
- there is no HPET when running as Jailhouse guest. We use the LOAPIC
timer, instead
- there is no PIC_DISABLE, because there is no 8259A PIC when running
as a Jailhouse guest
- XIP makes no sense also when running as Jailhouse guest, and both
PHYS_RAM_ADDR/PHYS_LOAD_ADD are set to zero, what tiny-demo cell
config is set to
This opens up new possibilities for Zephyr, so that usages beyond just
MCUs come to the table. I see special demand coming from
functional-safety related use cases on industry, automotive, etc.
[1] https://github.com/siemens/jailhouse
Reference to Jailhouse's booting preamble code:
Origin: Jailhouse
License: BSD 2-Clause
URL: https://github.com/siemens/jailhouse
commit: 607251b44397666a3cbbf859d784dccf20aba016
Purpose: Dual-licensing of inmate lib code
Maintained-by: Zephyr
Signed-off-by: Gustavo Lima Chaves <gustavo.lima.chaves@intel.com>
Add support for nrf52 series SOC. This patch Adds :-
1. Architecture specific Power Management APIs.
2. APIs for invoking various Power Management tasks into nrf52.
Signed-off-by: Youvedeep Singh <youvedeep.singh@intel.com>
Remove defines for IRQs we don't use. We should be getting this from DT
so this gives us a list of what we need to cleanup. Remove various
memory address offset defines to the ones we actually use.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <kumar.gala@linaro.org>
This adds CONFIG_EXECUTE_XOR_WRITE, which is enabled by default on
systems that support controlling whether a page can contain executable
code. This is also known as W^X[1].
Trying to add a memory domain with a page that is both executable and
writable, either for supervisor mode threads, or for user mode threads,
will result in a kernel panic.
There are few cases where a writable page should also be executable
(JIT compilers, which are most likely out of scope for Zephyr), so an
option is provided to disable the check.
Since the memory domain APIs are executed in supervisor mode, a
determined person could bypass these checks with ease. This is seen
more as a way to avoid people shooting themselves in the foot.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%5EX
Signed-off-by: Leandro Pereira <leandro.pereira@intel.com>
This should clear up some of the confusion with random number
generators and drivers that obtain entropy from the hardware. Also,
many hardware number generators have limited bandwidth, so it's natural
for their output to be only used for seeding a random number generator.
Signed-off-by: Leandro Pereira <leandro.pereira@intel.com>
Some "random" drivers are not drivers at all: they just implement the
function `sys_rand32_get()`. Move those to a random subsystem in
preparation for a reorganization.
Signed-off-by: Leandro Pereira <leandro.pereira@intel.com>
The CLOCK_CONTROL config option is already defined in
drivers/clock_control, so there's no need to redefine it in arch/.
Signed-off-by: Carles Cufi <carles.cufi@nordicsemi.no>
In PAE boot tables the __mmu_tables_start points to page directory
pointer (PDPT). Enable the PAE by updating the CR4.PAE and
IA32_EFER.NXE bits.
JIRA:ZEP-2511
Signed-off-by: Adithya Baglody <adithya.nagaraj.baglody@intel.com>
Created structures and unions needed to enable the software to
access these tables.
Also updated the helper macros to ease the usage of the MMU page
tables.
JIRA: ZEP-2511
Signed-off-by: Adithya Baglody <adithya.nagaraj.baglody@intel.com>
If CONFIG_X86_PAE_MODE is enabled for the build, then gen_mmu.py
would generate the boot time page tables in PAE format.
This supports 3 level paging i.e Page Directory Pointer(PDPT), Page
Directory(PD) and Page Table(PT). Each Page Table Entry(PTE) maps to
a 4KB region. Each Page Directory Entry(PDE) maps a 2MB region.
Each Page Directory Pointer Entry(PDPTE) maps to a 1GB region.
JIRA: ZEP-2511
Signed-off-by: Adithya Baglody <adithya.nagaraj.baglody@intel.com>
Page Address Extension(PAE) page tables would be used
if this option is enabled.
JIRA:ZEP-2511
Signed-off-by: Adithya Baglody <adithya.nagaraj.baglody@intel.com>
Some SOCs (e.g. STM32F0) can map the flash to address 0 and
the flash base address at the same time. Prevent writing to
duplicate flash address which stops the SOC.
Allow Cortex M SOCs to create their own vector table relocation
function.
Provide a relocation function for STM32F0x SOCs.
Fixes#3923
Signed-off-by: Bobby Noelte <b0661n0e17e@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Neil Armstrong <narmstrong@baylibre.com>
Added I2C bus (TWI) driver for Atmel SAM MCU family. Only
I2C Master Mode with 7 bit addressing is currently supported.
Tested on Arduino Due board.
Origin: Original
Signed-off-by: Piotr Mienkowski <piotr.mienkowski@gmail.com>
Match change we made to how I2C is enabled for other stm32 platforms:
Right now we allow for the I2C subsystem to be built without any drivers
enabled that utilize it. When we added support for the new STM32 I2C
driver we forced the I2C driver to be enabled if the I2C subsystem was
enabled. While this makes a reasonable amount of sense, it breaks
current assumptions for various testcases that we need to cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <kumar.gala@linaro.org>
During swap the required page tables are configured. The outgoing
thread's memory domain pages are reset and the incoming thread's
memory domain is loaded. The pages are configured if userspace
is enabled and if memory domain has been initialized before
calling swap.
GH-3852
Signed-off-by: Adithya Baglody <adithya.nagaraj.baglody@intel.com>
Added architecture specific support for memory domain destroy
and remove partition for arm and nxp. An optimized version of
remove partition was also added.
Signed-off-by: Adithya Baglody <adithya.nagaraj.baglody@intel.com>
STM32 UART driver was using a mix of LL/HAL APIs. This commit removes
calls to HAL API and replaces them with LL APIs. No functional change
have been seen during non regression testing.
But we could note a direct gain of 1Kb of ROM
Signed-off-by: Erwan Gouriou <erwan.gouriou@linaro.org>
Because the mcux shim drivers will soon depend on a clock control
interface, enable the mcux sim clock control driver by default on all
Kinetis SoCs.
Signed-off-by: Maureen Helm <maureen.helm@nxp.com>
Currently this is defined as a k_thread_stack_t pointer.
However this isn't correct, stacks are defined as arrays. Extern
references to k_thread_stack_t doesn't work properly as the compiler
treats it as a pointer to the stack array and not the array itself.
Declaring as an unsized array of k_thread_stack_t doesn't work
well either. The least amount of confusion is to leave out the
pointer/array status completely, use pointers for function prototypes,
and define K_THREAD_STACK_EXTERN() to properly create an extern
reference.
The definitions for all functions and struct that use
k_thread_stack_t need to be updated, but code that uses them should
be unchanged.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Boie <andrew.p.boie@intel.com>
Looking up the PTE flags was page faulting if the address wasn't
marked as present in the page directory, since there is no page table
for that directory entry.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Boie <andrew.p.boie@intel.com>
This is a USB controller driver for STM32F4xx devices using
the STM32 Cube HAL_PCD framework. This has been tested with
the cdc_acm driver on a 96b_carbon board (STM32F401RE).
This is a refactoring of:
usb: usb_dc_stm: Add support for STM32Cube HAL_PCD USB driver
Signed-off-by: Christer Weinigel <christer@weinigel.se>
[daniel.thompson@linaro.org: Removed STM32F40(157) defconfig changes
together with STM32F4Discovery pinmux and defconfig changes, updated
clock settings and pad configuration to match latest mainline]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
[giannis.damigos@gmail.com: Change uint*_t types to u*_t types,
change SYS_LOG_USB_DC_STM_LEVEL to SYS_LOG_USB_DRIVER_LEVEL and
update pinmux to match latest arm branch]
Signed-off-by: Yannis Damigos <giannis.damigos@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Loic Poulain <loic.poulain@linaro.org>
At very low optimization levels, the call to
K_THREAD_STACK_BUFFER doesn't get inlined, overflowing the
tiny stack.
Replace with _ARCH_THREAD_STACK_BUFFER() which on x86 is
just a macro.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Boie <andrew.p.boie@intel.com>
Indicate to users that this feature isn't fully baked yet.
This will be reverted for 1.11 release.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Boie <andrew.p.boie@intel.com>
Userspace is built on top of hardware stack protection and assumes
it is there. We can't enable this unless ARCH_HAS_USERSPACE is defined
anyway.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Boie <andrew.p.boie@intel.com>
The Silicon Labs EFM32 Wonder Gecko MCU includes:
* Cortex-M4F core at 48MHz
* up to 256KB of flash and 32KB of RAM
* USB with host and OTG support
* multiple low power peripherals
Signed-off-by: Christian Taedcke <hacking@taedcke.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <kumar.gala@linaro.org>
