zephyr/scripts/elf_helper.py
Andrew Boie f2734ab022 kernel: use a union for kobject data values
Rather than stuffing various values in a uintptr_t based on
type using casts, use a union for this instead.

No functional difference, but the semantics of the data member
are now much clearer to the casual observer since it is now
formally defined by this union.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Boie <andrew.p.boie@intel.com>
2020-03-17 20:11:27 +02:00

606 lines
18 KiB
Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Linaro
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
import sys
import os
import struct
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
from collections import OrderedDict
import elftools
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.elf.sections import SymbolTableSection
if LooseVersion(elftools.__version__) < LooseVersion('0.24'):
sys.exit("pyelftools is out of date, need version 0.24 or later")
def subsystem_to_enum(subsys):
return "K_OBJ_DRIVER_" + subsys[:-11].upper()
def kobject_to_enum(kobj):
if kobj.startswith("k_") or kobj.startswith("_k_"):
name = kobj[2:]
else:
name = kobj
return "K_OBJ_%s" % name.upper()
DW_OP_addr = 0x3
DW_OP_fbreg = 0x91
STACK_TYPE = "_k_thread_stack_element"
thread_counter = 0
sys_mutex_counter = 0
futex_counter = 0
# Global type environment. Populated by pass 1.
type_env = {}
extern_env = {}
kobjects = {}
subsystems = {}
# --- debug stuff ---
scr = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
# --- type classes ----
class KobjectInstance:
def __init__(self, type_obj, addr):
global thread_counter
global sys_mutex_counter
global futex_counter
self.addr = addr
self.type_obj = type_obj
# Type name determined later since drivers needs to look at the
# API struct address
self.type_name = None
if self.type_obj.name == "k_thread":
# Assign an ID for this thread object, used to track its
# permissions to other kernel objects
self.data = thread_counter
thread_counter = thread_counter + 1
elif self.type_obj.name == "sys_mutex":
self.data = "&kernel_mutexes[%d]" % sys_mutex_counter
sys_mutex_counter += 1
elif self.type_obj.name == "k_futex":
self.data = "&futex_data[%d]" % futex_counter
futex_counter += 1
else:
self.data = 0
class KobjectType:
def __init__(self, offset, name, size, api=False):
self.name = name
self.size = size
self.offset = offset
self.api = api
def __repr__(self):
return "<kobject %s>" % self.name
@staticmethod
def has_kobject():
return True
def get_kobjects(self, addr):
return {addr: KobjectInstance(self, addr)}
class ArrayType:
def __init__(self, offset, elements, member_type):
self.elements = elements
self.member_type = member_type
self.offset = offset
def __repr__(self):
return "<array of %d>" % self.member_type
def has_kobject(self):
if self.member_type not in type_env:
return False
return type_env[self.member_type].has_kobject()
def get_kobjects(self, addr):
mt = type_env[self.member_type]
# Stacks are arrays of _k_stack_element_t but we want to treat
# the whole array as one kernel object (a thread stack)
# Data value gets set to size of entire region
if isinstance(mt, KobjectType) and mt.name == STACK_TYPE:
# An array of stacks appears as a multi-dimensional array.
# The last size is the size of each stack. We need to track
# each stack within the array, not as one huge stack object.
*dimensions, stacksize = self.elements
num_members = 1
for e in dimensions:
num_members = num_members * e
ret = {}
for i in range(num_members):
a = addr + (i * stacksize)
o = mt.get_kobjects(a)
o[a].data = stacksize
ret.update(o)
return ret
objs = {}
# Multidimensional array flattened out
num_members = 1
for e in self.elements:
num_members = num_members * e
for i in range(num_members):
objs.update(mt.get_kobjects(addr + (i * mt.size)))
return objs
class AggregateTypeMember:
def __init__(self, offset, member_name, member_type, member_offset):
self.member_name = member_name
self.member_type = member_type
if isinstance(member_offset, list):
# DWARF v2, location encoded as set of operations
# only "DW_OP_plus_uconst" with ULEB128 argument supported
if member_offset[0] == 0x23:
self.member_offset = member_offset[1] & 0x7f
for i in range(1, len(member_offset)-1):
if member_offset[i] & 0x80:
self.member_offset += (
member_offset[i+1] & 0x7f) << i*7
else:
raise Exception("not yet supported location operation (%s:%d:%d)" %
(self.member_name, self.member_type, member_offset[0]))
else:
self.member_offset = member_offset
def __repr__(self):
return "<member %s, type %d, offset %d>" % (
self.member_name, self.member_type, self.member_offset)
def has_kobject(self):
if self.member_type not in type_env:
return False
return type_env[self.member_type].has_kobject()
def get_kobjects(self, addr):
mt = type_env[self.member_type]
return mt.get_kobjects(addr + self.member_offset)
class ConstType:
def __init__(self, child_type):
self.child_type = child_type
def __repr__(self):
return "<const %d>" % self.child_type
def has_kobject(self):
if self.child_type not in type_env:
return False
return type_env[self.child_type].has_kobject()
def get_kobjects(self, addr):
return type_env[self.child_type].get_kobjects(addr)
class AggregateType:
def __init__(self, offset, name, size):
self.name = name
self.size = size
self.offset = offset
self.members = []
def add_member(self, member):
self.members.append(member)
def __repr__(self):
return "<struct %s, with %s>" % (self.name, self.members)
def has_kobject(self):
result = False
bad_members = []
for member in self.members:
if member.has_kobject():
result = True
else:
bad_members.append(member)
# Don't need to consider this again, just remove it
for bad_member in bad_members:
self.members.remove(bad_member)
return result
def get_kobjects(self, addr):
objs = {}
for member in self.members:
objs.update(member.get_kobjects(addr))
return objs
# --- helper functions for getting data from DIEs ---
def die_get_spec(die):
if 'DW_AT_specification' not in die.attributes:
return None
spec_val = die.attributes["DW_AT_specification"].value
# offset of the DW_TAG_variable for the extern declaration
offset = spec_val + die.cu.cu_offset
return extern_env.get(offset)
def die_get_name(die):
if 'DW_AT_name' not in die.attributes:
die = die_get_spec(die)
if not die:
return None
return die.attributes["DW_AT_name"].value.decode("utf-8")
def die_get_type_offset(die):
if 'DW_AT_type' not in die.attributes:
die = die_get_spec(die)
if not die:
return None
return die.attributes["DW_AT_type"].value + die.cu.cu_offset
def die_get_byte_size(die):
if 'DW_AT_byte_size' not in die.attributes:
return 0
return die.attributes["DW_AT_byte_size"].value
def analyze_die_struct(die):
name = die_get_name(die) or "<anon>"
offset = die.offset
size = die_get_byte_size(die)
# Incomplete type
if not size:
return
if name in kobjects:
type_env[offset] = KobjectType(offset, name, size)
elif name in subsystems:
type_env[offset] = KobjectType(offset, name, size, api=True)
else:
at = AggregateType(offset, name, size)
type_env[offset] = at
for child in die.iter_children():
if child.tag != "DW_TAG_member":
continue
data_member_location = child.attributes.get("DW_AT_data_member_location")
if not data_member_location:
continue
child_type = die_get_type_offset(child)
member_offset = data_member_location.value
cname = die_get_name(child) or "<anon>"
m = AggregateTypeMember(child.offset, cname, child_type,
member_offset)
at.add_member(m)
return
def analyze_die_const(die):
type_offset = die_get_type_offset(die)
if not type_offset:
return
type_env[die.offset] = ConstType(type_offset)
def analyze_die_array(die):
type_offset = die_get_type_offset(die)
elements = []
for child in die.iter_children():
if child.tag != "DW_TAG_subrange_type":
continue
if "DW_AT_upper_bound" not in child.attributes:
continue
ub = child.attributes["DW_AT_upper_bound"]
if not ub.form.startswith("DW_FORM_data"):
continue
elements.append(ub.value + 1)
if not elements:
if type_offset in type_env.keys():
mt = type_env[type_offset]
if mt.has_kobject():
if isinstance(mt, KobjectType) and mt.name == STACK_TYPE:
elements.append(1)
type_env[die.offset] = ArrayType(die.offset, elements, type_offset)
else:
type_env[die.offset] = ArrayType(die.offset, elements, type_offset)
def analyze_typedef(die):
type_offset = die_get_type_offset(die)
if type_offset not in type_env.keys():
return
type_env[die.offset] = type_env[type_offset]
def unpack_pointer(elf, data, offset):
endian_code = "<" if elf.little_endian else ">"
if elf.elfclass == 32:
size_code = "I"
size = 4
else:
size_code = "Q"
size = 8
return struct.unpack(endian_code + size_code,
data[offset:offset + size])[0]
def addr_deref(elf, addr):
for section in elf.iter_sections():
start = section['sh_addr']
end = start + section['sh_size']
if start <= addr < end:
data = section.data()
offset = addr - start
return unpack_pointer(elf, data, offset)
return 0
def device_get_api_addr(elf, addr):
# Read device->driver API
offset = 4 if elf.elfclass == 32 else 8
return addr_deref(elf, addr + offset)
def get_filename_lineno(die):
lp_header = die.dwarfinfo.line_program_for_CU(die.cu).header
files = lp_header["file_entry"]
includes = lp_header["include_directory"]
fileinfo = files[die.attributes["DW_AT_decl_file"].value - 1]
filename = fileinfo.name.decode("utf-8")
filedir = includes[fileinfo.dir_index - 1].decode("utf-8")
path = os.path.join(filedir, filename)
lineno = die.attributes["DW_AT_decl_line"].value
return (path, lineno)
class ElfHelper:
def __init__(self, filename, verbose, kobjs, subs):
self.verbose = verbose
self.fp = open(filename, "rb")
self.elf = ELFFile(self.fp)
self.little_endian = self.elf.little_endian
global kobjects
global subsystems
kobjects = kobjs
subsystems = subs
def find_kobjects(self, syms):
if not self.elf.has_dwarf_info():
sys.exit("ELF file has no DWARF information")
app_smem_start = syms["_app_smem_start"]
app_smem_end = syms["_app_smem_end"]
di = self.elf.get_dwarf_info()
variables = []
# Step 1: collect all type information.
for CU in di.iter_CUs():
for die in CU.iter_DIEs():
# Unions are disregarded, kernel objects should never be union
# members since the memory is not dedicated to that object and
# could be something else
if die.tag == "DW_TAG_structure_type":
analyze_die_struct(die)
elif die.tag == "DW_TAG_const_type":
analyze_die_const(die)
elif die.tag == "DW_TAG_array_type":
analyze_die_array(die)
elif die.tag == "DW_TAG_typedef":
analyze_typedef(die)
elif die.tag == "DW_TAG_variable":
variables.append(die)
# Step 2: filter type_env to only contain kernel objects, or structs
# and arrays of kernel objects
bad_offsets = []
for offset, type_object in type_env.items():
if not type_object.has_kobject():
bad_offsets.append(offset)
for offset in bad_offsets:
del type_env[offset]
# Step 3: Now that we know all the types we are looking for, examine
# all variables
all_objs = {}
for die in variables:
name = die_get_name(die)
if not name:
continue
if name.startswith("__device_sys_init"):
# Boot-time initialization function; not an actual device
continue
type_offset = die_get_type_offset(die)
# Is this a kernel object, or a structure containing kernel
# objects?
if type_offset not in type_env:
continue
if "DW_AT_declaration" in die.attributes:
# Extern declaration, only used indirectly
extern_env[die.offset] = die
continue
if "DW_AT_location" not in die.attributes:
self.debug_die(
die,
"No location information for object '%s'; possibly"
" stack allocated" % name)
continue
loc = die.attributes["DW_AT_location"]
if loc.form != "DW_FORM_exprloc" and \
loc.form != "DW_FORM_block1":
self.debug_die(
die,
"kernel object '%s' unexpected location format" %
name)
continue
opcode = loc.value[0]
if opcode != DW_OP_addr:
# Check if frame pointer offset DW_OP_fbreg
if opcode == DW_OP_fbreg:
self.debug_die(die, "kernel object '%s' found on stack" %
name)
else:
self.debug_die(
die,
"kernel object '%s' unexpected exprloc opcode %s" %
(name, hex(opcode)))
continue
addr = (loc.value[1] | (loc.value[2] << 8) |
(loc.value[3] << 16) | (loc.value[4] << 24))
if addr == 0:
# Never linked; gc-sections deleted it
continue
type_obj = type_env[type_offset]
objs = type_obj.get_kobjects(addr)
all_objs.update(objs)
self.debug("symbol '%s' at %s contains %d object(s)"
% (name, hex(addr), len(objs)))
# Step 4: objs is a dictionary mapping variable memory addresses to
# their associated type objects. Now that we have seen all variables
# and can properly look up API structs, convert this into a dictionary
# mapping variables to the C enumeration of what kernel object type it
# is.
ret = {}
for addr, ko in all_objs.items():
# API structs don't get into the gperf table
if ko.type_obj.api:
continue
_, user_ram_allowed = kobjects[ko.type_obj.name]
if not user_ram_allowed and app_smem_start <= addr < app_smem_end:
self.debug_die(die,
"object '%s' found in invalid location %s"
% (name, hex(addr)))
continue
if ko.type_obj.name != "device":
# Not a device struct so we immediately know its type
ko.type_name = kobject_to_enum(ko.type_obj.name)
ret[addr] = ko
continue
# Device struct. Need to get the address of its API struct,
# if it has one.
apiaddr = device_get_api_addr(self.elf, addr)
if apiaddr not in all_objs:
if apiaddr == 0:
self.debug("device instance at 0x%x has no associated subsystem"
% addr)
else:
self.debug("device instance at 0x%x has unknown API 0x%x"
% (addr, apiaddr))
# API struct does not correspond to a known subsystem, skip it
continue
apiobj = all_objs[apiaddr]
ko.type_name = subsystem_to_enum(apiobj.type_obj.name)
ret[addr] = ko
self.debug("found %d kernel object instances total" % len(ret))
# 1. Before python 3.7 dict order is not guaranteed. With Python
# 3.5 it doesn't seem random with *integer* keys but can't
# rely on that.
# 2. OrderedDict means _insertion_ order, so not enough because
# built from other (random!) dicts: need to _sort_ first.
# 3. Sorting memory address looks good.
return OrderedDict(sorted(ret.items()))
def get_symbols(self):
for section in self.elf.iter_sections():
if isinstance(section, SymbolTableSection):
return {sym.name: sym.entry.st_value
for sym in section.iter_symbols()}
raise LookupError("Could not find symbol table")
def debug(self, text):
if not self.verbose:
return
sys.stdout.write(scr + ": " + text + "\n")
@staticmethod
def error(text):
sys.exit("%s ERROR: %s" % (scr, text))
def debug_die(self, die, text):
fn, ln = get_filename_lineno(die)
self.debug(str(die))
self.debug("File '%s', line %d:" % (fn, ln))
self.debug(" %s" % text)
@staticmethod
def get_thread_counter():
return thread_counter
@staticmethod
def get_sys_mutex_counter():
return sys_mutex_counter
@staticmethod
def get_futex_counter():
return futex_counter