571f8591b9
Correcting typos in various documentation files Signed-off-by: Andreas Deininger <andreas@deininger.net>
320 lines
6.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
320 lines
6.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _bluetooth-ctlr-arch:
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Bluetooth Low Energy Controller
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###############################
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Overview
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********
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.. image:: img/ctlr_overview.png
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#. HCI
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* Host Controller Interface, Bluetooth standard
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* Provides Zephyr Bluetooth HCI Driver
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#. HAL
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* Hardware Abstraction Layer
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* Vendor Specific, and Zephyr Driver usage
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#. Ticker
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* Soft real time radio/resource scheduling
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#. LL_SW
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* Software-based Link Layer implementation
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* States and roles, control procedures, packet controller
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#. Util
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* Bare metal memory pool management
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* Queues of variable count, lockless usage
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* FIFO of fixed count, lockless usage
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* Mayfly concept based deferred ISR executions
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Architecture
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************
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Execution Overview
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==================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_exec_overview.png
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Architecture Overview
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=====================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_arch_overview.png
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Scheduling
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**********
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched.png
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Ticker
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======
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_ticker.png
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Upper Link Layer and Lower Link Layer
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=====================================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_ull_lll.png
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Scheduling Variants
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===================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_variant.png
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ULL and LLL Timing
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==================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_ull_lll_timing.png
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Event Handling
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**************
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_event_handling.png
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Scheduling Closely Spaced Events
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================================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_msc_close_events.png
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Aborting Active Event
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=====================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_msc_event_abort.png
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Cancelling Pending Event
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========================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_msc_event_cancel.png
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Pre-emption of Active Event
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===========================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_sched_msc_event_preempt.png
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Data Flow
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*********
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Transmit Data Flow
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==================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_dataflow_tx.png
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Receive Data Flow
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=================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_dataflow_rx.png
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Execution Priorities
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********************
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.. image:: img/ctlr_exec_prio.png
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- Event handle (0, 1) < Event preparation (2, 3) < Event/Rx done (4) < Tx
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request (5) < Role management (6) < Host (7).
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- LLL is vendor ISR, ULL is Mayfly ISR concept, Host is kernel thread.
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Lower Link Layer
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****************
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LLL Execution
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=============
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.. image:: img/ctlr_exec_lll.png
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LLL Resume
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----------
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.. image:: img/ctlr_exec_lll_resume_top.png
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.. image:: img/ctlr_exec_lll_resume_bottom.png
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Bare metal utilities
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********************
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Memory FIFO and Memory Queue
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============================
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.. image:: img/ctlr_mfifo_memq.png
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Mayfly
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======
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.. image:: img/ctlr_mayfly.png
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* Mayfly are multi-instance scalable ISR execution contexts
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* What a Work is to a Thread, Mayfly is to an ISR
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* List of functions executing in ISRs
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* Execution priorities map to IRQ priorities
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* Facilitate cross execution context scheduling
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* Race-to-idle execution
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* Lock-less, bare metal
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Legacy Controller
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*****************
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.. image:: img/ctlr_legacy.png
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Bluetooth Low Energy Controller - Vendor Specific Details
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*********************************************************
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Hardware Requirements
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=====================
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Nordic Semiconductor
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--------------------
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The Nordic Semiconductor Bluetooth Low Energy Controller implementation
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requires the following hardware peripherals.
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.. list-table:: SoC Peripheral Use
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:header-rows: 1
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:widths: 15 15 15 10 50
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* - Resource
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- nRF Peripheral
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- # instances
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- Zephyr Driver Accessible
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- Description
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* - Clock
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- NRF_CLOCK
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- 1
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- Yes
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- * A Low Frequency Clock (LFCLOCK) or sleep clock, for low power
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consumption between Bluetooth radio events
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* A High Frequency Clock (HFCLOCK) or active clock, for high precision
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packet timing and software based transceiver state switching with
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inter-frame space (tIFS) timing inside Bluetooth radio events
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* - RTC [a]_
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- NRF_RTC0
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- 1
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- **No**
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- * Uses 2 capture/compare registers
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* - Timer
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- NRF_TIMER0 or NRF_TIMER4 [1]_, and NRF_TIMER1 [0]_
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- 2 or 1 [1]_
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- **No**
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- * 2 instances, one each for packet timing and tIFS software switching,
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respectively
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* 7 capture/compare registers (3 mandatory, 1 optional for ISR profiling,
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4 for single timer tIFS switching) on first instance
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* 4 capture/compare registers for second instance, if single tIFS timer
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is not used.
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* - PPI [b]_
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- NRF_PPI
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- 21 channels (20 [2]_), and 2 channel groups [3]_
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- Yes [4]_
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- * Used for radio mode switching to achieve tIFS timings, for PA/LNA
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control
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* - DPPI [c]_
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- NRF_DPPI
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- 20 channels, and 2 channel groups [3]_
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- Yes [4]_
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- * Used for radio mode switching to achieve tIFS timings, for PA/LNA
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control
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* - SWI [d]_
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- NRF_SWI4 and NRF_SWI5, or NRF_SWI2 and NRF_SWI3 [5]_
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- 2
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- **No**
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- * 2 instances, for Lower Link Layer and Upper Link Layer Low priority
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execution context
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* - Radio
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- NRF_RADIO
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- 1
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- **No**
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- * 2.4 GHz radio transceiver with multiple radio standards such as 1 Mbps,
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2 Mbps and Coded PHY S2/S8 Long Range Bluetooth Low Energy technology
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* - RNG [e]_
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- NRF_RNG
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- 1
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- Yes
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-
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* - ECB [f]_
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- NRF_ECB
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- 1
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- **No**
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-
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* - CBC-CCM [g]_
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- NRF_CCM
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- 1
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- **No**
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-
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* - AAR [h]_
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- NRF_AAR
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- 1
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- **No**
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-
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* - GPIO [i]_
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- NRF_GPIO
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- 2 GPIO pins for PA and LNA, 1 each
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- Yes
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- * Additionally, 10 Debug GPIO pins (optional)
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* - GPIOTE [j]_
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- NRF_GPIOTE
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- 1
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- Yes
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- * Used for PA/LNA
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* - TEMP [k]_
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- NRF_TEMP
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- 1
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- Yes
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- * For RC sourced LFCLOCK calibration
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* - UART [l]_
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- NRF_UART0
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- 1
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- Yes
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- * For HCI interface in Controller only builds
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* - IPC [m]_
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- NRF_IPC [5]_
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- 1
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- Yes
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- * For HCI interface in Controller only builds
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.. [a] Real Time Counter (RTC)
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.. [b] Programmable Peripheral Interconnect (PPI)
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.. [c] Distributed Programmable Peripheral Interconnect (DPPI)
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.. [d] Software Interrupt (SWI)
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.. [e] Random Number Generator (RNG)
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.. [f] AES Electronic Codebook Mode Encryption (ECB)
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.. [g] Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) - Message Authentication Code with Counter
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Mode encryption (CCM)
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.. [h] Accelerated Address Resolver (AAR)
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.. [i] General Purpose Input Output (GPIO)
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.. [j] GPIO tasks and events (GPIOTE)
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.. [k] Temperature sensor (TEMP)
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.. [l] Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
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.. [m] Interprocess Communication peripheral (IPC)
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.. [0] :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BT_CTLR_TIFS_HW` ``=n``
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.. [1] :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BT_CTLR_SW_SWITCH_SINGLE_TIMER` ``=y``
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.. [2] When not using pre-defined PPI channels
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.. [3] For software-based tIFS switching
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.. [4] Drivers that use nRFx interfaces
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.. [5] For nRF53x Series
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