lib: posix: Implement generic file descriptor table

The table allows to wrap read/write (i.e. POSIX-compatible) semantics
of any I/O object in POSIX-compatible fd (file descriptor) handling.
Intended I/O objects include files, sockets, special devices, etc.

The table table itself consists of (underlying obj*, function table*)
pairs, where function table provides entries for read(), write, and
generalized ioctl(), where generalized ioctl handles all other
operations, up to and including closing of the underlying I/O object.

Fixes: #7405

Signed-off-by: Paul Sokolovsky <paul.sokolovsky@linaro.org>

include/misc/fdtable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+#ifndef ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_POSIX_POSIX__FDTABLE_H_
+#define ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_POSIX_POSIX__FDTABLE_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+/* FIXME: For native_posix ssize_t, off_t. */
+#include <fs.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * File descriptor virtual method table.
+ * All operations beyond read/write go thru ioctl method.
+ */
+struct fd_op_vtable {
+	ssize_t (*read)(void *obj, void *buf, size_t sz);
+	ssize_t (*write)(void *obj, const void *buf, size_t sz);
+	int (*ioctl)(void *obj, unsigned int request, ...);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Reserve file descriptor.
+ *
+ * This function allows to reserve a space for file descriptor entry in
+ * the underlying table, and thus allows caller to fail fast if no free
+ * descriptor is available. If this function succeeds, z_finalize_fd()
+ * or z_free_fd() must be called mandatorily.
+ *
+ * @return Allocated file descriptor, or -1 in case of error (errno is set)
+ */
+int z_reserve_fd(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Finalize creation of file descriptor.
+ *
+ * This function should be called exactly once after z_reserve_fd(), and
+ * should not be called in any other case.
+ *
+ * @param fd File descriptor previously returned by z_reserve_fd()
+ * @param obj pointer to I/O object structure
+ * @param vtable pointer to I/O operation implementations for the object
+ */
+void z_finalize_fd(int fd, void *obj, const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Allocate file descriptor for underlying I/O object.
+ *
+ * This function combines operations of z_reserve_fd() and z_finalize_fd()
+ * in one step, and provided for convenience.
+ *
+ * @param obj pointer to I/O object structure
+ * @param vtable pointer to I/O operation implementations for the object
+ *
+ * @return Allocated file descriptor, or -1 in case of error (errno is set)
+ */
+int z_alloc_fd(void *obj, const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Release reserved file descriptor.
+ *
+ * This function may be called once after z_reserve_fd(), and should
+ * not be called in any other case.
+ *
+ * @param fd File descriptor previously returned by z_reserve_fd()
+ */
+void z_free_fd(int fd);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get underlying object pointer from file descriptor.
+ *
+ * This function is useful for functions other than read/write/ioctl
+ * to look up underlying I/O object by fd, optionally checking its
+ * type (using vtable reference). If fd refers to invalid entry,
+ * NULL will be returned with errno set to EBADF. If fd is valid,
+ * but vtable param is not NULL and doesn't match object's vtable,
+ * NULL is returned and errno set to err param.
+ *
+ * @param fd File descriptor previously returned by z_reserve_fd()
+ * @param vtable Expected object vtable or NULL
+ * @param err errno value to set if object vtable doesn't match
+ *
+ * @return Object pointer or NULL, with errno set
+ */
+void *z_get_fd_obj(int fd, const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable, int err);
+
+/**
+ * Request codes for fd_op_vtable.ioctl().
+ *
+ * Note that these codes are internal Zephyr numbers, for internal
+ * Zephyr operation (and subject to change without notice, not part
+ * of "stable ABI"). These are however expected to co-exist with
+ * "well-known" POSIX/Linux ioctl numbers, and not clash with them.
+ */
+enum {
+	ZFD_IOCTL_CLOSE = 1,
+	ZFD_IOCTL_FSYNC,
+	ZFD_IOCTL_LSEEK,
+};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_POSIX_POSIX__FDTABLE_H_ */

lib/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 zephyr_sources(thread_entry.c)
+zephyr_sources(fdtable.c)
 add_subdirectory(crc)
 add_subdirectory_ifdef(CONFIG_JSON_LIBRARY          json)
 if(NOT CONFIG_NATIVE_APPLICATION)

lib/fdtable.c

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief File descriptor table
+ *
+ * This file provides generic file descriptor table implementation, suitable
+ * for any I/O object implementing POSIX I/O semantics (i.e. read/write +
+ * aux operations).
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <kernel.h>
+#include <misc/fdtable.h>
+
+struct fd_entry {
+	void *obj;
+	const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable;
+};
+
+static struct fd_entry fdtable[CONFIG_POSIX_MAX_FDS];
+
+static K_MUTEX_DEFINE(fdtable_lock);
+
+static int _find_fd_entry(void)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	for (fd = 0; fd < ARRAY_SIZE(fdtable); fd++) {
+		if (fdtable[fd].obj == NULL) {
+			return fd;
+		}
+	}
+
+	errno = ENFILE;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int _check_fd(int fd)
+{
+	if (fd < 0 || fd >= ARRAY_SIZE(fdtable) || fdtable[fd].obj == NULL) {
+		errno = EBADF;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void *z_get_fd_obj(int fd, const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable, int err)
+{
+	struct fd_entry *fd_entry;
+
+	if (_check_fd(fd) < 0) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	fd_entry = &fdtable[fd];
+
+	if (vtable != NULL && fd_entry->vtable != vtable) {
+		errno = err;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return fd_entry->obj;
+}
+
+int z_reserve_fd(void)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	(void)k_mutex_lock(&fdtable_lock, K_FOREVER);
+
+	fd = _find_fd_entry();
+	if (fd >= 0) {
+		/* Mark entry as used, z_finalize_fd() will fill it in. */
+		fdtable[fd].obj = FD_OBJ_RESERVED;
+	}
+
+	k_mutex_unlock(&fdtable_lock);
+
+	return fd;
+}
+
+void z_finalize_fd(int fd, void *obj, const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable)
+{
+	/* Assumes fd was already bounds-checked. */
+	fdtable[fd].obj = obj;
+	fdtable[fd].vtable = vtable;
+}
+
+void z_free_fd(int fd)
+{
+	/* Assumes fd was already bounds-checked. */
+	fdtable[fd].obj = NULL;
+}
+
+int z_alloc_fd(void *obj, const struct fd_op_vtable *vtable)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = z_reserve_fd();
+	if (fd >= 0) {
+		z_finalize_fd(fd, obj, vtable);
+	}
+
+	return fd;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_API
+
+ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t sz)
+{
+	if (_check_fd(fd) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return fdtable[fd].vtable->read(fdtable[fd].obj, buf, sz);
+}
+
+ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t sz)
+{
+	if (_check_fd(fd) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return fdtable[fd].vtable->write(fdtable[fd].obj, buf, sz);
+}
+
+int close(int fd)
+{
+	int res;
+
+	if (_check_fd(fd) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	res = fdtable[fd].vtable->ioctl(fdtable[fd].obj, ZFD_IOCTL_CLOSE);
+	z_free_fd(fd);
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+int fsync(int fd)
+{
+	int res;
+
+	if (_check_fd(fd) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	res = fdtable[fd].vtable->ioctl(fdtable[fd].obj, ZFD_IOCTL_FSYNC);
+	z_free_fd(fd);
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence)
+{
+	if (_check_fd(fd) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return fdtable[fd].vtable->ioctl(fdtable[fd].obj, ZFD_IOCTL_LSEEK,
+					 offset, whence);
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_POSIX_API */

lib/posix/Kconfig

@@ -4,6 +4,14 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #
 
+config	POSIX_MAX_FDS
+	int "Maximum number of open file descriptors"
+	default 16 if POSIX_API
+	default 4
+	help
+	  Maximum number of open file descriptors, this includes
+	  files, sockets, special devices, etc.
+
 config POSIX_API
 	bool "POSIX APIs"
 	help
@@ -75,15 +83,16 @@ if FILE_SYSTEM
 config POSIX_FS
 	bool "Enable POSIX file system API support"
 	help
-	  This enabled POSIX style file system related APIs.
+	  This enables POSIX style file system related APIs.
 
 if POSIX_FS
 config	POSIX_MAX_OPEN_FILES
 	int "Maximum number of open file descriptors"
 	default 16
 	help
-	  Mention maximum number of open file descriptors.
-endif
+	  Maximum number of open files. Note that this setting
+	  is additionally bounded by CONFIG_POSIX_MAX_FDS.
 endif
+endif # FILE_SYSTEM
 
 endif # POSIX_API