kernel: New timeout implementation

Now that the API has been fixed up, replace the existing timeout queue
with a much smaller version.  The basic algorithm is unchanged:
timeouts are stored in a sorted dlist with each node nolding a delta
time from the previous node in the list; the announce call just walks
this list pulling off the heads as needed.  Advantages:

* Properly spinlocked and SMP-aware.  The earlier timer implementation
  relied on only CPU 0 doing timeout work, and on an irq_lock() being
  taken before entry (something that was violated in a few spots).
  Now any CPU can wake up for an event (or all of them) and everything
  works correctly.

* The *_thread_timeout() API is now expressible as a clean wrapping
  (just one liners) around the lower-level interface based on function
  pointer callbacks.  As a result the timeout objects no longer need
  to store backpointers to the thread and wait_q and have shrunk by
  33%.

* MUCH smaller, to the tune of hundreds of lines of code removed.

* Future proof, in that all operations on the queue are now fronted by
  just two entry points (_add_timeout() and z_clock_announce()) which
  can easily be augmented with fancier data structures.

Signed-off-by: Andy Ross <andrew.j.ross@intel.com>

kernel/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ add_library(kernel
   sched.c
   sem.c
   stack.c
-  sys_clock.c
   system_work_q.c
   thread.c
   thread_abort.c
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ set_target_properties(
 
 target_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_INT_LATENCY_BENCHMARK kernel PRIVATE int_latency_bench.c)
 target_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_STACK_CANARIES        kernel PRIVATE compiler_stack_protect.c)
-target_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_SYS_CLOCK_EXISTS      kernel PRIVATE timer.c)
+target_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_SYS_CLOCK_EXISTS      kernel PRIVATE timeout.c timer.c)
 target_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS_C   kernel PRIVATE atomic_c.c)
 target_sources_if_kconfig(                        kernel PRIVATE poll.c)