doc: dts: add more explanations, with diagrams
Re-work the introductory sections of the devicetree documentation, adding several figures and cross-references to other useful parts of the documentation. Signed-off-by: Marti Bolivar <marti.bolivar@nordicsemi.no>
This commit is contained in:
Marti Bolivar
Carles Cufí
parent
2275aae291
commit
85fa523cf0
9 changed files with 2297 additions and 168 deletions
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@ -1,177 +1,327 @@
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.. _device-tree:
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Device Tree
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###########
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Devicetree
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##########
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.. contents::
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:local:
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:depth: 2
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Zephyr uses the *devicetree* data structure to describe the hardware available
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on a board, as well as its initial configuration in an application. Note that
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"devicetree" -- without spaces -- is preferred to "device tree". The
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`Devicetree specification`_ fully defines this data structure and its source
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and binary representations.
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.. _device-tree-intro:
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Introduction
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************
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Device tree is a way of describing hardware and configuration information
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for boards. Device tree was adopted for use in the Linux kernel for the
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PowerPC architecture. However, it is now in use for ARM and other
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architectures.
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.. _Devicetree specification: https://www.devicetree.org/
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The device tree is a data structure for dynamically describing hardware
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using a Device Tree Source (DTS) data structure language, instead of
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hard coding every detail of a board's hardware into the operating system.
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This figure shows how devicetree fits into the Zephyr build system:
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In Linux, DTS is compiled into a compact Device Tree Blob (DTB) using a Device
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Tree Compiler (DTC), then the hardware-describing DTB is passed to the operating
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system at boot time. This allows the same compiled Linux kernel to support
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different hardware configurations within an architecture family (e.g., ARM,
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x86, PowerPC) and moves a significant part of the hardware description out of
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the kernel binary itself.
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.. figure:: zephyr_dt_build_flow.png
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:figclass: align-center
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For larger systems, the flexibility this offers offsets the extra runtime memory
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overhead incurred. But the primary targets for Zephyr
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applications are small micro-controller systems with limited memory
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resources. So instead of requiring the additional runtime memory
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to store the DTB blob and the code to parse it, the DTS information
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is used at compile time.
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Devicetree build flow
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Device tree uses a specific format to describe the device nodes in a system.
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This format is described in the `Device Tree Specification`_.
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Zephyr's build system can use a devicetree to generate C language code. This
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code generation uses rules in additional files called :ref:`devicetree bindings
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<bindings>` to control how devicetree data is converted to C definitions. The
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generated code can be included by Zephyr :ref:`device drivers <device_drivers>`
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and other C sources. The C macros generated by this process all begin with
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``DT_``.
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.. _Device Tree Specification: https://github.com/devicetree-org/devicetree-specification/releases
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This differs significantly from how devicetree is used on Linux. The
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Linux kernel would instead read the entire devicetree data structure in its
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binary form, parsing it at runtime in order to load and initialize device
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drivers. Zephyr does not work this way because the size of the devicetree
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binary and associated handling code would be too large to fit comfortably on
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the relatively constrained devices Zephyr supports.
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More device tree information can be found at the `device tree repository`_.
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As the name indicates, a devicetree is a tree. The human-readable text format
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for this tree is called DTS (for devicetree source), and is defined in the
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Devicetree Specification. Here is an example DTS file:
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.. _device tree repository: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git
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.. code-block:: none
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/dts-v1/;
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System build requirements
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*************************
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/ {
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a-node {
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subnode_label: a-sub-node {
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foo = <3>;
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};
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};
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};
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The Zephyr device tree feature requires a device tree compiler (DTC) and Python
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YAML packages. Refer to the installation guide for your specific host OS:
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This example has three nodes:
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* :ref:`installing_zephyr_win`
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* :ref:`installation_linux`
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* :ref:`installing_zephyr_mac`
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#. A root node
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#. A node named ``a-node``, which is a child of the root node
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#. A node named ``a-sub-node``, which is a child of ``a-node``
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Nodes can be given *labels*, which are unique shorthands that can be used to
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refer to the labeled node elsewhere in the devicetree. Above, ``a-sub-node``
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has label ``subnode_label``.
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Zephyr and Device Tree
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Devicetree nodes have *paths* identifying their locations in the tree. Like
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Unix file system paths, devicetree paths are strings separated by slashes
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(``/``), and the root node's path is a single slash: ``/``. Otherwise, each
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node's path is formed by concatenating the node's ancestors' names with the
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node's own name, separated by slashes. For example, the full path to
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``a-sub-node`` is ``/a-node/a-sub-node``.
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Devicetree nodes can also have *properties*. Properties are name/value
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pairs. The values are simple byte arrays. Node ``a-sub-node`` has a property
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named ``foo``, whose value is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer with value
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3. The size and type of ``foo``\ 's value are implied by the enclosing angle
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brackets (``<`` and ``>``) in the DTS. Refer to the Devicetree Specification
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for a complete list of ways to write a property value in a DTS file.
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In practice, devicetree nodes correspond to some hardware, and the node
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hierarchy reflects the hardware's physical layout. For example, let's consider
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a board with three I2C peripherals connected to an I2C bus master on an SoC,
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like this:
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.. figure:: zephyr_dt_i2c_high_level.png
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:alt: representation of a board with three I2C peripherals
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:figclass: align-center
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Nodes corresponding to the I2C bus master and each I2C peripheral would be
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present in this board's devicetree. Reflecting the hardware layout, the
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devicetree's peripheral nodes would be children of the bus master node. Similar
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conventions exist for representing other types of hardware in devicetree.
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The corresponding DTS would look something like this:
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.. code-block:: none
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/ {
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soc {
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i2c-bus-master {
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i2c-peripheral-1 {
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};
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i2c-peripheral-2 {
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};
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i2c-peripheral-3 {
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};
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};
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};
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};
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Properties are used in practice to describe or configure the hardware the node
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represents. For example, an I2C peripheral's node has a property whose value is
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the peripheral's address on the bus.
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Here's a tree representing the same example, but with real-world node
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names and properties you might see when working with I2C devices.
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.. figure:: zephyr_dt_i2c_example.png
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:figclass: align-center
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I2C devicetree example with real-world names and properties
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Above, node names -- like ``i2c@40003000`` -- are at the top of each node, with
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a gray background, except for the root node, which is shown using its path
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``/``. Properties are shown as ``name=value`` pairs below the node names.
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Some important properties are:
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- **compatible**: this says what "kind" of device the node represents. Its
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value is a null-terminated string in the format "vendor,device", like
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``"avago,apds9960"``, or a sequence of these, like ``"ti,hdc",
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"ti,hdc1010"``. The build system uses the compatible property to find the
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right bindings for the node.
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- **label**: the device's name according to Zephyr's :ref:`device_drivers`. The
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value can be passed to :c:func:`device_get_binding()` to retrieve the
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corresponding driver-level :ref:`struct device* <device_struct>`. This
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pointer can then be passed to the correct driver API by application code to
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interact with the device. For example, calling
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``device_get_binding("I2C_0")`` would return a pointer to a device
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structure which could be passed to :ref:`I2C API <i2c_api>` functions like
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:c:func:`i2c_transfer()`. The generated C header will also contain a macro
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which expands to this string.
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- **reg**: information used to address the device. This could be a
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memory-mapped I/O address range (as with ``i2c@40003000``\ 's reg property),
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an I2C bus address (as with ``apds9960@39`` and its devicetree siblings), a
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SPI chip select line, or some other value depending on the kind of device the
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node represents.
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This tree has the following DTS.
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.. code-block:: none
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/ {
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soc {
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i2c@40003000 {
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compatible = "nordic,nrf-twim";
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label = "I2C_0";
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reg = <0x40003000 0x1000>;
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apds9960@39 {
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compatible = "avago,apds9960";
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label = "APDS9960";
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reg = <0x39>;
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};
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ti_hdc@43 {
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compatible = "ti,hdc", "ti,hdc1010";
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label = "HDC1010;
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reg = <0x43>;
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};
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mma8652fc@1d {
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compatible = "nxp,fxos8700", "nxp,mma8652fc";
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label = "MMA8652FC";
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reg = <0x1d>;
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};
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};
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};
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};
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Input and output files
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**********************
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Device Tree provides a unified description of a hardware system used in an
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application. It is used in Zephyr to describe hardware and provide a boot-time
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configuration of this hardware.
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The first figure in the :ref:`device-tree-intro` shows how devicetree fits into
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the Zephyr build system. This section describes the input and output files in
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more detail.
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In Zephyr, the device tree is also used to describe Zephyr-specific
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configuration information. This Zephyr-specific information augments the device
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tree descriptions and sits on top of it, rather than diverging from it. The
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main reason for this is to leverage existing device tree files that a SoC vendor
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may already have defined for a given platform.
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.. figure:: zephyr_dt_inputs_outputs.png
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:figclass: align-center
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The device tree files are compiled using the device tree compiler. The compiler
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runs the .dts file through the C preprocessor to resolve any macro or #defines
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utilized in the file. The output of the compile is another dts formatted file.
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Devicetree input (green) and output (yellow) files
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After compilation, a Python script extracts information from the compiled
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device tree file using rules specified in *bindings* (see the :ref:`bindings`
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section). The extracted information is placed in a header file that is used by
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the rest of the code as the project is compiled.
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DTS files usually have ``.dts`` or ``.dtsi`` (for Devicetree Source Include)
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extensions. Zephyr's build system looks for a file named :file:`BOARD.dts` in
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the board definition directory; this file contains the board's base
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devicetree. See :ref:`dt_k6x_example` for real-world examples.
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Temporary fixup files are required for device tree support on most devices.
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These fixup files by default reside in the board and soc directories and are
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named ``dts_fixup.h``. These fixup files map the generated include information to
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the current driver/source usage.
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The build system combines the board's DTS with additional input files called
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*overlays* to produce a final devicetree source file. Overlays are also written
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in the DTS format, but have a :file:`.overlay` extension to make it clear that
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they're overlays. You can specify the overlay files to use at build time using
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the :makevar:`DTC_OVERLAY_FILE` CMake variable described in
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:ref:`important-build-vars`. The build system also looks for devicetree
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overlays in several locations by default; see :ref:`application_dt` for the
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list.
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The Python code that deals with device tree and bindings is in
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:zephyr_file:`scripts/dts/`.
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Overlays can be used to add or delete nodes from the tree, or to modify node
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properties and their values. Along with Kconfig, devicetree overlays let you
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reconfigure the kernel and device drivers without modifying their source code.
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Before they are combined, the C preprocessor is run on :file:`BOARD.dts` and any
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overlays. This allows these files to use C macros and include directives.
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The combined devicetree is written to a DTS file named
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:file:`BOARD.dts_compiled` in the application build directory. This file
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contains the final devicetree.
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This devicetree and the set of :ref:`bindings` are then used to generate C
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definitions using scripts in :zephyr_file:`scripts/dts/`. These definitions can
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be included via the ``generated_dts_board.h`` header file, which the build
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system places on the C preprocessor include path. This file is not generated;
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it is in :zephyr_file:`include/generated_dts_board.h`. (Its name was chosen
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for backwards compatibility.)
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**Do not include the generated C headers in the build directory directly**. Use
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``generated_dts_board.h`` instead.
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Zephyr device drivers typically use information from ``generated_dts_board.h``
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to statically allocate and initialize :ref:`struct device <device_struct>`
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instances. Property values from ``generated_dts_board.h`` are usually stored in
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ROM in the value pointed to by a ``device->config->config_info`` field. For
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example, a ``struct device`` corresponding to an I2C peripheral would store the
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peripheral address in its ``reg`` property there.
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Application source code with a pointer to the ``struct device`` can then pass
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it to driver APIs in :zephyr_file:`include/drivers/`. These API functions
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usually take a ``struct device*`` as their first argument. This allows the
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driver API to use information from devicetree to interact with the device
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hardware.
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Temporary "fixup" files are currently required for devicetree support on most
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devices. These fixup files by default reside in the board and soc directories
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and are named ``dts_fixup.h``. These fixup files map the generated include
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information to the current driver/source usage. They exist for historical
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reasons; Zephyr is moving away from needing or using these files.
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.. _dt_vs_kconfig:
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Device Tree vs Kconfig
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**********************
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Devicetree vs Kconfig
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*********************
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As mentioned above there are several tools used to configure the build with
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Zephyr.
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The two main ones, Device Tree and Kconfig, might seem to overlap in purpose,
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but in fact they do not. This section serves as a reference to help you decide
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whether to place configuration items in Device Tree or Kconfig.
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Along with devicetree, Zephyr also uses the Kconfig language to configure the
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source code. Whether to use devicetree or Kconfig for a particular purpose can
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sometimes be confusing. This section should help you decide which one to use.
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The scope of each configuration tool can be summarized as follows:
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In short:
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* Device Tree is used to describe the **hardware** and its **boot-time
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configuration**.
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* Kconfig is used to describe which **software features** will be built into
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the final image, and their **configuration**.
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* Use devicetree to describe **hardware** and its **boot-time configuration**.
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Examples include peripherals on a board, boot-time clock frequencies,
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interrupt lines, etc.
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* Use Kconfig to configure **software support** to build into the final
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image. Examples include whether to add networking support, which drivers are
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needed by the application, etc.
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Hence Device Tree deals mostly with hardware and Kconfig with software.
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A couple of noteworthy exceptions are:
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In other words, devicetree mainly deals with hardware, and Kconfig with
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software.
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* Device Tree's ``chosen`` keyword, which allows the user to select a
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particular instance of a hardware device to be used for a concrete purpose
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by the software. An example of this is selecting a particular UART for use as
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the system's console.
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* Device Tree's ``status`` keyword, which allows the user to enable or disable
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a particular instance of a hardware device in the Device Tree file itself.
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This takes precedence over Kconfig.
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For example, consider a board containing a SoC with 2 UART, or serial port,
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instances.
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To further clarify this separation, let's use a particular, well-known
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example to illustrate this: serial ports a.k.a. UARTs. Let's consider a
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board containing a SoC with 2 UART instances:
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* The fact that the board has this UART **hardware** is described with two UART
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nodes in the devicetree. These provide the UART type (via the ``compatible``
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property) and certain settings such as the address range of the hardware
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peripheral registers in memory (via the ``reg`` property).
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* Additionally, the UART **boot-time configuration** is also described with
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devicetree. This could include configuration such as the RX IRQ line's
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priority and the UART baud rate. These may be modifiable at runtime, but
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their boot-time configuration is described in devicetree.
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* Whether or not to include **software support** for UART in the build is
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controlled via Kconfig. Applications which do not need to use the UARTs can
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remove the driver source code from the build using Kconfig, even though the
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board's devicetree still includes UART nodes.
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* The fact that the target hardware **contains** 2 UARTs is described with Device
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Tree. This includes the UART type, its driver compatibility and certain
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immutable (i.e. not software-configurable) settings such as the base address
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of the hardware peripheral in memory or its interrupt line.
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* Additionally, **hardware boot-time configuration** is also described with Device
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Tree. This includes things such as the IRQ priority and boot-time UART
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baudrate. These may also be modifiable at runtime later, but their boot-time
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default configuration is described in Device Tree.
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* The fact that the user intends to include **software support** for UART in the
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build is described in Kconfig. Through the use of Kconfig, users can opt not
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to include support for this particular hardware item if they don't require it.
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As another example, consider a device with a 2.4GHz, multi-protocol radio
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supporting both the Bluetooth Low Energy and 802.15.4 wireless technologies.
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Another example is a device with a 2.4GHz, multi-protocol radio supporting
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both the Bluetooth Low Energy and 802.15.4 wireless technologies. In this case:
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* Devicetree should be used to describe the presence of the radio **hardware**,
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what driver or drivers it's compatible with, etc.
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* **Boot-time configuration** for the radio, such as TX power in dBm, should
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also be specified using devicetree.
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* Kconfig should determine which **software features** should be built for the
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radio, such as selecting a BLE or 802.15.4 protocol stack.
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* Device Tree describes the presence of a radio peripheral compatible with a
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certain radio driver.
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* Additional hardware boot-time configuration settings may also be present
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in the Device Tree files. In this particular case it could be a
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default TX power in dBm if the hardware does have a simple, cross-wireless
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technology register for that.
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* Kconfig will describe which **protocol stack** is to be used with that radio.
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The user may decide to select BLE or 802.15.4, which will both depend on
|
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the presence of a compatible radio in the Device Tree files.
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There are two noteworthy **exceptions** to these rules:
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Device tree file formats
|
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************************
|
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* Devicetree's ``chosen`` keyword, which allows the user to select a specific
|
||||
instance of a hardware device to be used for a particular purpose. An example
|
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of this is selecting a particular UART for use as the system's console.
|
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* Devicetree's ``status`` keyword, which allows the user to enable or disable a
|
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particular instance of a hardware device. This takes precedence over related
|
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Kconfig options which serve a similar purpose.
|
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Hardware and software is described inside of device tree files in clear text format.
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These files have the file suffix of .dtsi or .dts. The .dtsi files are meant to
|
||||
be included by other files. Typically for a given board you have some number of
|
||||
.dtsi include files that pull in common device descriptions that are used across
|
||||
a given SoC family.
|
||||
.. _dt_k6x_example:
|
||||
|
||||
Example: FRDM K64F Board and Hexiwear K64
|
||||
=========================================
|
||||
Example: FRDM-K64F and Hexiwear K64
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. Give the filenames instead of the full paths below, as it's easier to read.
|
||||
The cramped 'foo.dts<path>' style avoids extra spaces before commas.
|
||||
|
||||
These boards are defined in :zephyr_file:`frdm_k64fs.dts
|
||||
<boards/arm/frdm_k64f/frdm_k64f.dts>` and :zephyr_file:`hexiwear_k64.dts
|
||||
<boards/arm/hexiwear_k64/hexiwear_k64.dts>`. They are based on the same NXP
|
||||
Kinetis SoC family, the K6X.
|
||||
The FRDM-K64F and Hexiwear K64 board devicetrees are defined in
|
||||
:zephyr_file:`frdm_k64fs.dts <boards/arm/frdm_k64f/frdm_k64f.dts>` and
|
||||
:zephyr_file:`hexiwear_k64.dts <boards/arm/hexiwear_k64/hexiwear_k64.dts>`
|
||||
respectively. Both boards have NXP SoCs from the same Kinetis SoC family, the
|
||||
K6X.
|
||||
|
||||
Common definitions for K6X are stored in :zephyr_file:`nxp_k6x.dtsi
|
||||
Common devicetree definitions for K6X are stored in :zephyr_file:`nxp_k6x.dtsi
|
||||
<dts/arm/nxp/nxp_k6x.dtsi>`, which is included by both board :file:`.dts`
|
||||
files. :zephyr_file:`nxp_k6x.dtsi<dts/arm/nxp/nxp_k6x.dtsi>` in turn includes
|
||||
:zephyr_file:`armv7-m.dtsi<dts/arm/armv7-m.dtsi>`, which has common
|
||||
definitions for ARMv7-M-based systems.
|
||||
:zephyr_file:`armv7-m.dtsi<dts/arm/armv7-m.dtsi>`, which has common definitions
|
||||
for Arm v7-M cores.
|
||||
|
||||
Since :zephyr_file:`nxp_k6x.dtsi<dts/arm/nxp/nxp_k6x.dtsi>` is meant to be
|
||||
generic across K6X-based boards, it leaves many devices disabled by default.
|
||||
For example, there is a CAN controller defined as follows (with unimportant
|
||||
parts skipped):
|
||||
generic across K6X-based boards, it leaves many devices disabled by default
|
||||
using ``status`` properties. For example, there is a CAN controller defined as
|
||||
follows (with unimportant parts skipped):
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: none
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -181,12 +331,13 @@ parts skipped):
|
|||
...
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
It is up to the board :file:`.dts` files to enable devices (by setting
|
||||
``status = "okay"``). The board :file:`.dts` files are also responsible for any
|
||||
board-specific configuration of the device.
|
||||
It is up to the board :file:`.dts` or application overlay files to enable these
|
||||
devices as desired, by setting ``status = "okay"``. The board :file:`.dts`
|
||||
files are also responsible for any board-specific configuration of the device,
|
||||
such as adding nodes for on-board sensors, LEDs, buttons, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, FRDM K64 (but not Hexiwear K64) enables the CAN controller, also
|
||||
setting the bus speed:
|
||||
For example, FRDM-K64 (but not Hexiwear K64) :file:`.dts` enables the CAN
|
||||
controller and sets the bus speed:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: none
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -196,61 +347,58 @@ setting the bus speed:
|
|||
};
|
||||
|
||||
The ``&can0 { ... };`` syntax adds/overrides properties on the node with label
|
||||
``can0``, i.e. the ``can@4002400`` node.
|
||||
``can0``, i.e. the ``can@4002400`` node defined in the :file:`.dtsi` file.
|
||||
|
||||
Other examples of board-specific customization is pointing properties in
|
||||
``aliases`` and ``chosen`` to the right nodes (see :ref:`dt-alias-chosen`), and
|
||||
making GPIO/PinMux assignments.
|
||||
making GPIO/pinmux assignments.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently supported boards
|
||||
**************************
|
||||
|
||||
Device tree is currently supported on all embedded targets except posix
|
||||
Devicetree is currently supported on all embedded targets except posix
|
||||
(boards/posix) and qemu_x86_64 (boards/x86_64).
|
||||
|
||||
Adding support for a board
|
||||
**************************
|
||||
|
||||
Adding device tree support for a given board requires adding a number of files.
|
||||
Adding devicetree support for a given board requires adding a number of files.
|
||||
These files will contain the DTS information that describes a platform, the
|
||||
YAML descriptions that define the contents of a given Device Tree peripheral
|
||||
node, and also any fixup files required to support the platform.
|
||||
bindings in YAML format, and any fixup files required to support the platform.
|
||||
|
||||
When writing Device Tree Source files, it is good to separate out common
|
||||
peripheral information that could be used across multiple SoC families or
|
||||
boards. DTS files are identified by their file suffix. A .dtsi suffix denotes
|
||||
a DTS file that is used as an include in another DTS file. A .dts suffix
|
||||
denotes the primary DTS file for a given board.
|
||||
It is best practice to separate common peripheral information that could be
|
||||
used across multiple cores, SoC families, or boards in :file:`.dtsi` files,
|
||||
reserving the :file:`.dts` suffix for the primary DTS file for a given board.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary DTS file will contain at a minimum a version line, optional
|
||||
includes, and the root node definition. The root node will contain a model and
|
||||
compatible that denotes the unique board described by the .dts file.
|
||||
Devicetree Source File Template
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
|
||||
Device Tree Source File Template
|
||||
================================
|
||||
A board's :file:`.dts` file contains at least a version line, optional
|
||||
includes, and a root node definition with ``model`` and ``compatible``
|
||||
properties. These property values denote the particular board.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: none
|
||||
|
||||
/dts-v1/;
|
||||
|
||||
#include <vendor/soc.dtsi>
|
||||
|
||||
/ {
|
||||
model = "Model name for your board";
|
||||
compatible = "compatible for your board";
|
||||
model = "Human readable board name";
|
||||
compatible = "vendor,soc-on-your-board's-mcu";
|
||||
/* rest of file */
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
One suggestion for starting from scratch on a platform/board is to examine other
|
||||
boards and their device tree source files.
|
||||
You can use other board :file:`.dts` files as a starting point.
|
||||
|
||||
The following is a more precise list of required files:
|
||||
|
||||
* Base architecture support
|
||||
|
||||
* Add architecture-specific DTS directory, if not already present.
|
||||
Example: dts/arm for ARM.
|
||||
* Add target specific device tree files for base SoC. These should be
|
||||
.dtsi files to be included in the board-specific device tree files.
|
||||
Example: dts/arm for Arm.
|
||||
* Add target specific devicetree files for base SoC. These should be
|
||||
.dtsi files to be included in the board-specific devicetree files.
|
||||
* Add target specific YAML binding files in the dts/bindings/ directory.
|
||||
Create the yaml directory if not present.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -284,7 +432,7 @@ The following is a more precise list of required files:
|
|||
* Overlay Files (optional)
|
||||
|
||||
* Overlay files contain tweaks or changes to the SoC and Board support files
|
||||
described above. They can be used to modify Device Tree configurations
|
||||
described above. They can be used to modify devicetree configurations
|
||||
without having to change the SoC and Board files. See
|
||||
:ref:`application_dt` for more information on overlay files and the Zephyr
|
||||
build system.
|
||||
|
|
@ -295,7 +443,7 @@ The following is a more precise list of required files:
|
|||
================================
|
||||
|
||||
Using an alias with a common name for a particular node makes it easier for you
|
||||
to write board-independent source code. Device Tree ``aliases`` nodes are used
|
||||
to write board-independent source code. Devicetree ``aliases`` nodes are used
|
||||
for this purpose, by mapping certain generic, commonly used names to specific
|
||||
hardware resources:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -311,7 +459,7 @@ hardware resources:
|
|||
|
||||
Certain software subsystems require a specific hardware resource to bind to in
|
||||
order to function properly. Some of those subsystems are used with many
|
||||
different boards, which makes using the Device Tree ``chosen`` nodes very
|
||||
different boards, which makes using the devicetree ``chosen`` nodes very
|
||||
convenient. By doing, so the software subsystem can rely on having the specific
|
||||
hardware peripheral assigned to it. In the following example we bind the shell
|
||||
to ``uart1`` in this board:
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,10 +499,10 @@ The full set of Zephyr-specific ``chosen`` nodes follows:
|
|||
- ``DT_UART_MCUMGR_ON_DEV_NAME``
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Adding support for device tree in drivers
|
||||
*****************************************
|
||||
Adding support for devicetree in drivers
|
||||
****************************************
|
||||
|
||||
As drivers and other source code is converted over to make use of device tree
|
||||
As drivers and other source code is converted over to make use of devicetree
|
||||
generated information, these drivers may require changes to match the generated
|
||||
#define information.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -362,9 +510,9 @@ generated information, these drivers may require changes to match the generated
|
|||
Source Tree Hierarchy
|
||||
*********************
|
||||
|
||||
The device tree files are located in a couple of different directories. The
|
||||
The devicetree files are located in a couple of different directories. The
|
||||
directory split is done based on architecture, and there is also a common
|
||||
directory where architecture agnostic device tree and YAML binding files are
|
||||
directory where architecture agnostic devicetree and YAML binding files are
|
||||
located.
|
||||
|
||||
Assuming the current working directory is the ZEPHYR_BASE, the directory
|
||||
|
|
@ -375,7 +523,7 @@ hierarchy looks like the following::
|
|||
dts/bindings/
|
||||
boards/<ARCH>/<BOARD>/
|
||||
|
||||
The common directory contains a ``skeleton.dtsi`` which provides device tree root
|
||||
The common directory contains a ``skeleton.dtsi`` which provides devicetree root
|
||||
node definition. The bindings subdirectory contains YAML binding files used
|
||||
to instruct how the python DTS parsing script should extract nodes information
|
||||
in a format that will be usable by the system.
|
||||
|
|
@ -392,8 +540,8 @@ Example: Subset of DTS/YAML files for NXP FRDM K64F (Subject to Change)::
|
|||
|
||||
.. _bindings:
|
||||
|
||||
Bindings
|
||||
********
|
||||
Devicetree Bindings
|
||||
*******************
|
||||
|
||||
``.dts`` files describe the available hardware devices, but don't tell the
|
||||
system which pieces of information are useful, or what kind of configuration
|
||||
|
|
@ -530,7 +678,7 @@ Include files generation
|
|||
************************
|
||||
|
||||
At build time, after a board's ``.dts`` file has been processed by the DTC
|
||||
(Device Tree Compiler), a corresponding ``.dts_compiled`` file is generated
|
||||
(Devicetree Compiler), a corresponding ``.dts_compiled`` file is generated
|
||||
under the ``zephyr`` directory.
|
||||
This ``.dts_compiled`` file is processed by the python DTS parsing script
|
||||
and generates an include file named
|
||||
|
|
@ -562,6 +710,6 @@ Additionally, a file named ``generated_dts_board_fixups.h`` is
|
|||
generated in the same directory concatenating all board-related fixup files.
|
||||
|
||||
The include file ``include/generated_dts_board.h`` includes both these generated
|
||||
files, giving Zephyr C source files access to the board's device tree information.
|
||||
files, giving Zephyr C source files access to the board's devicetree information.
|
||||
|
||||
.. include:: flash_partitions.inc
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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<xhtml:div>which override BOARD.dts<xhtml:br />
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<tspan
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id="tspan166"
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<xhtml:div
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The "base" devicetree.<xhtml:div>Includes .dtsi files.<xhtml:br />
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sodipodi:role="line">Includes .dtsi files.</tspan>
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<xhtml:div
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<tspan
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<xhtml:div
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|
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<xhtml:div>BINDING_n.yaml<xhtml:br />
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|
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<tspan
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<path
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<xhtml:div
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|
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|
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<xhtml:div>Contain rules for DTS to C</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>code generation step.<xhtml:br />
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x="74"
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<tspan
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y="64"
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x="74"
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id="tspan184"
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sodipodi:role="line">Contain rules for DTS to C</tspan>
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<tspan
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x="74"
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<xhtml:div>zephyr DTS</xhtml:div>
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<xhtml:div>scripts<xhtml:br />
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sodipodi:role="line">Apply bindings,</tspan>
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<tspan
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y="35"
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x="31"
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sodipodi:role="line">generate code</tspan>
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<xhtml:div
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<xhtml:div>BOARD.dts_compiled<xhtml:br />
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<xhtml:div
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<xhtml:div
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style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;white-space:normal;">
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<xhtml:div>In build/zephyr.</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>DTS file, combination of BOARD.dts and overlays.</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>Intermediate output.<xhtml:br />
|
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</xhtml:div>
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</xhtml:div>
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</xhtml:div>
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<tspan
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y="51.248001"
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x="59"
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id="tspan232"
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sodipodi:role="line"></tspan>
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</text>
|
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<path
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id="path124"
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<xhtml:div
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<xhtml:div
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<xhtml:div>Final outputs.<xhtml:br />
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</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>In build/zephyr/include/generated.</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:br />
|
||||
</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>Include C headers via</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div><generated_dts_board.h><xhtml:br />
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</xhtml:div>
|
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</xhtml:div>
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</xhtml:div>
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</foreignObject>
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<tspan
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y="41"
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x="89"
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id="tspan214"
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sodipodi:role="line">Final outputs, in</tspan>
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<tspan
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y="56"
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x="89"
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sodipodi:role="line">build/zephyr/include/generated/.</tspan>
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<path
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<xhtml:div
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<xhtml:div
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<xhtml:div>generated_dts_board.conf,</xhtml:div>
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<xhtml:div>generated C headers.<xhtml:br />
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</xhtml:div>
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<tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">(generated_dts_board_<foo>.h)</tspan>
|
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<tspan
|
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|
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x="70"
|
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id="tspan4302"
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|
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<tspan
|
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y="65"
|
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x="70"
|
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id="tspan4304"
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sodipodi:role="line">only, as _<foo> names may change.</tspan>
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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<xhtml:div
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|
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<xhtml:div
|
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|
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<xhtml:div>In zephyr/dts/bindings.</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>Extensible with DTS_ROOT.</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>Contain rules for DTS to C</xhtml:div>
|
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<xhtml:div>code generation step.<xhtml:br />
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<tspan
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y="34"
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x="74"
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id="tspan266"
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sodipodi:role="line">DTS file in build/zephyr/.</tspan>
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<tspan
|
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y="49"
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x="74"
|
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id="tspan268"
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sodipodi:role="line">Intermediate output,</tspan>
|
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<tspan
|
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y="64"
|
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x="74"
|
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id="tspan270"
|
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sodipodi:role="line">combination of base</tspan>
|
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<tspan
|
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y="79"
|
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x="74"
|
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id="tspan272"
|
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sodipodi:role="line">devicetree and any</tspan>
|
||||
<tspan
|
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y="94"
|
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x="74"
|
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id="tspan274"
|
||||
sodipodi:role="line">overlays.</tspan>
|
||||
</text>
|
||||
</switch>
|
||||
</g>
|
||||
</svg>
|
||||
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 35 KiB |
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