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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00053000000000000000">
4.3 <I>&lt;pending: this is messy and incomplete&gt;</I> Library Routines</A>
</H2>
<P>
The following library routines are provided for your convenience.
<P>
stdio.h - Contains the following functions printf &amp; sprintf these
routines are developed by Martijn van Balen &lt;balen@natlab.research.philips.com&gt;.
<P>
%[flags][width][b|B|l|L]type
<P>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; flags: -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; left justify output in
specified field width
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prefix output with
+/- sign if output is signed type
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; space&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prefix output with a
blank if it's a signed positive value
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; width:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; specifies minimum number
of characters outputted for numbers
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or strings.
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - For numbers,
spaces are added on the left when needed.
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If width starts
with a zero character, zeroes and used
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; instead of
spaces.
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - For strings,
spaces are are added on the left or right (when
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; flag '-' is
used) when needed.
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b/B:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; byte argument (used
by d, u, o, x, X)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; l/L:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; long argument (used
by d, u, o, x, X)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; type:&nbsp; d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; decimal number
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; u&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned decimal
number
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned octal number
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned hexadecimal
number (0-9, a-f)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; X&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned hexadecimal
number (0-9, A-F)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; character
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; s&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; string (generic pointer)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; p&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; generic pointer (I:data/idata,
C:code, X:xdata, P:paged)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; float (still to be
implemented)
<P>
Also contains a very simple version of printf (printf_small). This
simplified version of printf supports only the following formats.
<P>
format&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;output&nbsp;type&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;argument-type
<BR>
%d &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decimal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; short/int
<BR>
%ld&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decimal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long
<BR>
%hd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decimal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;char
<BR>
%x&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hexadecimal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;short/int
<BR>
%lx&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hexadecimal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long
<BR>
%hx&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hexadecimal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;char
<BR>
%o&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;octal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;short/int
<BR>
%lo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;octal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long
<BR>
%ho&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;octal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;char
<BR>
%c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;character&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;char
<BR>
%s&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;character&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_generic pointer
<P>
The routine is very stack intesive, -stack-after-data parameter should
be used when using this routine, the routine also takes about 1K of
code space. It also expects an external function named putchar(char)
to be present (this can be changed). When using the %s format the
string / pointer should be cast to a generic pointer. eg.
<P>
printf_small(``my str %s, my int %d&#92;n'',(char
_generic *)mystr,myint);
<P>
<UL>
<LI>stdarg.h - contains definition for the following macros to be used
for variable parameter list, note that a function can have a variable
parameter list if and only if it is 'reentrant'
<P>
va_list, va_start, va_arg, va_end.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>setjmp.h - contains defintion for ANSI setjmp &amp; longjmp routines.
Note in this case setjmp &amp; longjmp can be used between functions
executing within the same register bank, if long jmp is executed from
a function that is using a different register bank from the function
issuing the setjmp function, the results may be unpredictable. The
jump buffer requires 3 bytes of data (the stack pointer &amp; a 16 byte
return address), and can be placed in any address space.</LI>
<LI>stdlib.h - contains the following functions.
<P>
atoi, atol.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>string.h - contains the following functions.
<P>
strcpy, strncpy, strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strchr, strrchr,
strspn, strcspn, strpbrk, strstr, strlen, strtok, memcpy, memcmp,
memset.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>ctype.h - contains the following routines.
<P>
iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isupper, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
isxdigit, isalnum, isalpha.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>malloc.h - The malloc routines are developed by Dmitry S. Obukhov
(dso@usa.net). These routines will allocate memory from the external
ram. Here is a description on how to use them (as described by the
author).
<P>
//Example:
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; #define DYNAMIC_MEMORY_SIZE 0x2000
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .....
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned char xdata dynamic_memory_pool[DYNAMIC_MEMORY_SIZE];
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned char xdata * current_buffer;
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .....
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void main(void)
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ...
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; init_dynamic_memory(dynamic_memory_pool,DYNAMIC_MEMORY_SIZE);
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //Now it's possible to use malloc.
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ...
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; current_buffer = malloc(0x100);
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //
<P>
</LI>
<LI>serial.h - Serial IO routines are also developed by Dmitry S. Obukhov
(dso@usa.net). These routines are interrupt driven with a 256 byte
circular buffer, they also expect external ram to be present. Please
see documentation in file SDCCDIR/sdcc51lib/serial.c. Note the header
file ``serial.h'' MUST be included in the file containing the
'main' function.</LI>
<LI>ser.h - Alternate serial routine provided by Wolfgang Esslinger &lt;wolfgang@WiredMinds.com&gt;
these routines are more compact and faster. Please see documentation
in file SDCCDIR/sdcc51lib/ser.c</LI>
<LI>ser_ir.h - Another alternate set of serial routines provided by Josef
Wolf &lt;jw@raven.inka.de&gt;, these routines do not use the external ram.</LI>
<LI>reg51.h - contains register definitions for a standard 8051</LI>
<LI>float.h - contains min, max and other floating point related stuff.</LI>
</UL>
All library routines are compiled as -model-small, they are all non-reentrant,
if you plan to use the large model or want to make these routines
reentrant, then they will have to be recompiled with the appropriate
compiler option.
<P>
Have not had time to do the more involved routines like printf, will
get to them shortly.
<P>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>Johan Knol</I>
<BR><I>2001-07-13</I>
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